Two-day unified entrance exams for universities and colleges began Saturday at 735 test centers across Japan, the second round of such tests based on reduced curricula launched in the 2002 academic year.
Saturday's exams include an English listening comprehension test introduced last year to boost the ability of Japanese students to communicate in the language.
The number of this year's applicants totaled 553,352, up about 2,000 from last year, reversing the recent downward trend stemming from falling birthrates.
The ratio of final-year high school students among total applicants stood at 78.5 percent, the highest so far, and that of those who have already graduated from high school totaled 20.4 percent.
Exams on civics, geography and history, Japanese, and foreign languages are set for Saturday, and those covering science and math on Sunday.
The number of four-year universities requiring their applicants to take the national exams totaled a record 607, and that of two- or three-year colleges totaled 148.
A total of 109 institutions require applicants to take exams on at least seven subjects in five core academic fields, unchanged from last year.
The government began organizing unified exams for national and local government-run universities and colleges in the 1979 academic year and upgraded them in the 1990 academic year for use also by private universities and colleges.
http://asia.news.yahoo.com/070120/kyodo/d8momg880.html
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